Y. Luo, “Incompleteness and Order: The Natural Laws of Financial Markets,” Trans. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1, 2026.

Incompleteness of the field of real numbers implies uncertainty and volatility. The price space in the financial market is incomplete. Therefore, the price changes in the financial market tend to be correlated, meaning they are not random walks or martingale processes. This also implies that financial markets tend to be in an orderly state.